[National Institute for Health and Care Research] A new Lancet Commission sets out recommendations to tackle urgent global challenges in breast cancer. Supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, the commission reveals that despite significant improvements inequities persist.

[Journal Of Virology] Scientists showed that the action of IFNγ was indirect, as CD4+ T cell-mediated control of type 1 alveolar epithelial cells infection depended on IFNγ receptor expression in CD11c+ cells.

[Nucleic Acids Research] The authors prepared numerous RNA substrates, including both long substrates mimicking the viral genome and short defined RNA, to clarify the substrate preference and cleavage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 nsp15.

[Molecular Cancer] Investigators bridge the gap between discovering element genes to a specific process of T cell activities and apprehending these genes in the global T cell life cycle, deepened the understanding of T cell biology in tumour immunity, and outline CRISPR screens resources that might facilitate the development and implementation of cancer immunotherapies in the clinic.

[Molecular Cancer] The authors explore the dynamic interactions among T and B cell subpopulations of varying phenotypes that contribute to the structural and functional diversity of TLS, examining both existing and emerging techniques for TLS imaging and induction, focusing on cancer immunotherapies and biomaterials.

[Advanced Materials] Scientists manipulated the immunopotentiator manganese into six differing structures that resemble the architectures of two types of pathogens. They revealed that innate immune cells accurately sense and respond to the architectures, of which two outperformed material candidates showedhigher competence in creating local pro-inflammatory environment with promoted innate immune cell influx and stimulatory effects on multiple subsets of dendritic cells.

[Journal For Immunotherapy Of Cancer] Scientists investigated therapy-mediated immunological alterations in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-draining lymph nodes in the D4M.3A preclinical melanoma mouse model by using high-dimensional multicolor flow cytometry in combination with multiplex immunohistochemistry.

[Tissue Engineering And Regenerative Medicine] Knocking down Nogo-B caused the downregulation of pro-fibrotic genes and inhibited the viability of hepatic stellate cells. Nogo-B knockdown prevented CCL4-induced fibrosis, accompanied by downregulation of the extracellular matrix.

[Journal Of Materials Chemistry B] A novel collagen crosslinking agent (CE) was synthesized through a reaction involving chitosan quaternary ammonium salt with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Compared to collagen crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, the CE-crosslinked collagen implant exhibited notable stability and durability.

[Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety] Scientists suggested that AFB1 damaged the cell morphology, induced oxidative damage and apoptosis, and degraded ECM components, in turn inhibiting myoblast development by activating the p38MAPK/urokinase-type plasminogen activator/matrix metalloproteinase/ECM signaling pathway.

[Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy] Human pulmonary fibroblasts were transfected with miR-29a-3p, and RT-qPCR, immunostaining, and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of DNMT3A and extracellular matrix collagen-1 and fibronectin-1 levels.

[ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces] Investigators successfully validated the pivotal role of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in upregulating the UPRmt, mitigating IL-1β-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoting balanced metabolism in articular cartilage ECM, proving its potential as a promising therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.