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Immune Regulation News 2.14, April 23, 2010. Refer to the archive if you are unable to see images in this email.

In this issue: Science News | Current Publications | Industry News | Policy News | Events

TOP STORY

How Genetic Mutations May Cause Type 1 Diabetes: Findings Point to New Drug Target
Scientists from The Scripps Research Institute have provided an answer to the 40-year-old mystery of how certain genetic mutations lead to Type 1 diabetes. This new molecular understanding could lead to novel therapies for Type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. [Press release from ScienceDaily discussing online prepublication in Journal of Clinical Investigation]

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SCIENCE NEWS

Carbon Nanotubes Boost Cancer-Fighting Cells
Yale University engineers have found that the defects in carbon nanotubes cause T cell antigens to cluster in the blood and stimulate the body's natural immune response. [Press release from Yale University discussing online prepublication in Langmuir]

Researchers Identify the Source of 'Noise' In HIV
New research identifies a molecular mechanism that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to utilize for generating random fluctuations called "noise" in its gene expression. [Press release from EurekAlert! discussing online prepublication in Biophysical Journal]

CURRENT PUBLICATIONS

Lethal Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mouse Models of T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy
Researchers show that the pairing of introduced and endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) chains in TCR gene-modified T cells leads to the formation of self-reactive TCRs that are responsible for the observed autoimmunity. [Nat Med]

Indirect Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor and Type I Interferon Responses by ITAM-Coupled Receptors and Integrins
These results provide an indirect mechanism of cross-inhibition of Toll-like receptors and delineate a signaling pathway important for deactivation of macrophages. [Immunity]

E-Cadherin Marks a Subset of Inflammatory Dendritic Cells that Promote T Cell-Mediated Colitis
Here, researchers show that monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells that express E-cadherin, the receptor for CD103, promote intestinal inflammation. [Immunity]

Reversal of Autoimmunity by Boosting Memory-like Autoregulatory T Cells
Researchers show that progression to autoimmune diabetes results in the conversion of naive low-avidity autoreactive CD8+ T cells into memory-like autoregulatory cells that can be expanded in vivo with nanoparticles coated with disease-relevant peptide-major histocompatibility complexes. [Immunity]

The Diabetogenic Mouse MHC Class II Molecule I-Ag7 is Endowed with a Switch that Modulates TCR Affinity
The results support the existence of a switch at residue beta57 of the I-Ag7 and HLA-DQ8 class II molecules and potentially link normal thymic T cell receptor selection with abnormal peripheral behavior. [J Clin Invest]

Altered Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Patients with CD4+ Lymphopenia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Here, researchers analyzed reconstitution of regulatory T cells and conventional CD4+ T cells in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after myeloablative conditioning. [J Clin Invest]

Elevated IL-17 Produced by TH17 Cells Promotes Myeloma Cell Growth and Inhibits Immune Function in Multiple Myeloma
As IL-6 and TGF-beta are important for the generation of TH17 cells, researchers observed a significantly elevated baseline and induced frequency of TH17 cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from multiple myeloma patients compared to healthy donors. [Blood]

Allergic Conjunctivitis Exacerbates Corneal Allograft Rejection by Activating Th1 and Th2 Alloimmune Responses
Because allergic conjunctivitis and airway hyperreactivity are allergic diseases of mucosal tissues, researchers determined whether an allergic disease of a nonmucosal tissue would affect corneal allograft rejection and whether Th2 cells alone accounted for accelerated graft rejection in allergic mice. [J Immunol]

Transcriptional Bursting from the HIV-1 Promoter is a Significant Source of Stochastic Noise in HIV-1 Gene Expression
To probe the regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of HIV-1, researchers analyze noise in gene-expression from HIV-1's long terminal repeat promoter at different HIV-1 integration sites across the human genome. [Biophys J]

INDUSTRY NEWS

New Preclinical Breast Cancer Study Shows Peregrine's PS-Targeting Antibodies Can Reverse Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. reported data from a new preclinical study demonstrating that the company's phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibodies reversed immune suppression by tumors and conferred tumor-specific immunity in models of breast cancer. [Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Press Release]

Abbott Successfully Completes Tender Offer for Shares of Facet Biotech
Abbott today announced the successful completion of the tender offer by its wholly owned subsidiary Amber Acquisition Inc. to purchase all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Facet Biotech. [Abbott Laboratories Inc. Press Release]

HGSI, GlaxoSmithKline say Lupus Drug Benlysta Worked for a Year but Didn't Meet Long-Term Goal
Human Genome Sciences Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline PLC reported a setback as study data showed their lupus drug, Benlysta, worked no better than standard treatment after a year and a half. [The San Francisco Examiner]

POLICY NEWS

Patents Block Competition, Slow Innovation in Gene Testing
Exclusive licenses to gene patents, most of which are held by academic institutions and based on taxpayer-funded research, do more to block competition in the gene testing market than to spur the development of new technologies for gauging disease risk. [Duke University Press Release]

Policy Reminder Concerning Appendix Materials for All National Institutes of Health/Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Grant Applications (NOT-OD-10-077) [National Institutes of Health, United States]

Enhancing Peer Review: Clarification of Resubmission Policy and Determination of New Application Status (NOT-OD-10-080) [National Institutes of Health, United States]

Guidance on Confirming Appropriate Charges to NIH Awards During Periods of Noncompliance for Activities Involving Animals (NOT-OD-10-081) [National Institutes of Health, United States]

Update of Sample Animal Welfare Assurance for Foreign Institutions (NOT-OD-10-083) [National Institutes of Health, United States]

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Small Research Grant Program (R03) (PAR-10-168) [National Institutes of Health, United States]

EVENTS

97th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
May 7-11, 2010
Baltimore, United States

29th Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
June 5-9, 2010
London, United Kingdom

Keystone Symposia: Innate Immunity - Mechanisms Linking with Adaptive Immunity (D3)
June 7-12, 2010
Dublin, Ireland

Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) 2010
June 24-27, 2010
Boston, United States

Frontiers in Immunology Research (FIRN) 2010 International Conference
July 22-26, 2010
Athens, Greece

14th International Congress of Immunology
August 22-27, 2010
Kobe, Japan

Select BioSciences 7th Annual RNAi & miRNA Europe
September 14-15, 2010
Dublin, Ireland

5th International Conference on Gene Regulation in Lymphocyte Development
October 9-14, 2010
Chania, Greece

Autumn Immunology Conference 2010
November 19-22, 2010
Chicago, United States

Cell Symposia, Influenza: Translating Basic Insights
2-4 December 2010
Washington D.C., United States

Visit our events page to stay up to date with the latest events in the cell, gene and immunotherapy community.

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